EDP Sciences logo
Search
Menu
All issues Volume 41 / No 6 (November–December 2010) Vet. Res., 41 6 (2010) 35 References
Free Access
Review
Issue
Vet. Res.
Volume 41, Number 6, November–December 2010
Emerging and re-emerging animal viruses
Number of page(s) 12
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010007
Published online 27 January 2010
How to cite this article Vet. Res. (2010) 41:35
  • Adeyefa C.A., Hamblin C., Continuing prevalence of African horse sickness in Nigeria, Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. (1995) 48:31–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Alexander R.A., The 1944 epizootic of horsesickness in the Middle East, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Ind. (1948) 23:77–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Allison A.B., Goekjian G.H., Potgieter C., Wilson W.C., Johnson D.J., Mertens P.P., Stallknecht D.E., Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes, J. Gen. Virol. (2009) 91:430–439. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Anderson E.C., Mellor P., HamblinC., African horse sickness in Saudi Arabia, Vet. Rec. (1989) 125:489. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Anonymous, OIE concern about climate change, Vet. Rec. (2009) 164:735. [Google Scholar]
  • Anonymous, Bluetongue, Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Office International des Epizooties, Paris, 2009. [Google Scholar]
  • Anonymous, African horse sickness, Terestrial Animal Health Code, Office International des Epizooties, Paris, 2009. [Google Scholar]
  • Attoui H., Mendez-lopez M.R., Rao S., Hurtado-Alendes A., Lizaraso-Caparo F., Jaafar F.M., et al., Peruvian horse sickness virus and Yunnan Orbivirus, isolated from vertebrates and mosquitoes in Peru and Australia, Virology (2009) 394:298–310. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Balasuriya U.B.R., Nadler S.A., Wilson W.C., Pritchard L.I., Smythe A.B., Savini G., et al., The NS3 proteins of global strains of bluetongue virus evolve into regional topotypes through negative (purifying) selection, Vet. Microbiol. (2008) 126:91–100. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Barnard B.J.H., Antibodies against some viruses of domestic animals in southern African wild animals, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. (1997) 64:95–110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Beebe N.W., Cooper R.D., Mottram P., Sweeney A.W., Australia’s dengue risk driven by human adaptation to climate change, PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. (2009) 3:e429. [Google Scholar]
  • Bevan L.E.W., The transmission of African horsesickness to the dog by feeding, Vet. J. (1911) 67:402–408. [Google Scholar]
  • Binepal V.S., Wariru B.N., Davies F.G., Soi R., Olubayo R., An attempt to define the host range for African horse sickness virus (Orbivirus, Reoviridae) in East Africa, by a serological survey in some Equidae, Camelidae, Loxodontidae and Carnivore, Vet. Microbiol. (1992) 31:19–23. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Blackburn N.K., Swanepoel R., African horse sickness in Zimbabwe: 1972 to 1981, Trop. Anim. Health Prod. (1988) 20:169–176. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bonneau K.R., Zhang N., Zhu J., Zhang F., Li Z., Zhang K., et al., Sequence comparison of the L2 and S10 genes of bluetongue viruses from the United States and the People’s Republic of China, Virus Res. (1999) 61:153–160. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bonneau K.R., Mullens B.A., MacLachlan N.J., Occurrence of genetic drift and founder effect during quasispecies evolution of the VP2 and NS3/NS3A genes of bluetongue virus upon passage between sheep, cattle, and Culicoides sonorensis, J. Virol. (2001) 75:8298–8305. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bonneau K.R., MacLachlan N.J., Genetic diversification of field strains of bluetongue virus, Vet. Ital. (2004) 40:446–447. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Borkent A., Grogan W.L., Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Zootaxa (2009) 2273:1–48. [Google Scholar]
  • Burrage T.G., Laegreid W.W., African horsesickness: pathogenesis and immunity, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1994) 17:275–285. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Coetzer J.A.W., Guthrie A.J., African horse sickness, in: Coetzer J.A.W., Tustin R.C. (Eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Cape Town, 2004, pp. 1231–1246. [Google Scholar]
  • Darpel K.E., Batten C.A., Veronesi E., Shaw A.E., Anthony S., Bachanek-Bankowska K., et al., Clinical signs and pathology shown by British sheep and cattle infected with bluetongue virus serotype 8 derived from the 2006 outbreak in northern Europe, Vet. Rec. (2007) 161:253–261. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Davies F.G., Oteino S., Elephants and zebras as possible reservoir hosts for African horse sickness virus, Vet. Rec. (1977) 100:291–292. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Davies F.G., Soi R.K., Binepal V.S., African horse sickness viruses isolated in Kenya, Vet. Rec. (1993) 132:440. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • De Clercq K., De Leeuw I., Verheyden B., Vandemeulebroucke E., Vanbinst T., Herr C., et al., Transplacental infection and apparently immunotolerance induced by a wild-type bluetongue virus serotype 8 natural infection, Transbound. Emerg. Dis. (2008) 55:352–359. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • De Clercq K., Mertens P.P., De Leeuw I., Oura C.A., Houdart P., Potgieter A.C., et al., Emergence of bluetongue serotypes in Europe, Part 2: the occurrence of a BTV-11 strain in Belgium, Transbound. Emerg. Dis. (2009) 56:355–361. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dufour B., Moutou F., Hattenberger A.M., Rodhain F., Global change: impact, management risk approach and health measures – the case of Europe, Rev. Sci. Tech. (2008) 27:529–550. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Elbers A.R., Backx A., Meroc E., Gerbier G., Staubach C., Hendrickx G., et al., Field observations during the bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in 2006. I. Detection of first outbreaks and clinical signs in sheep and cattle in Belgium, France and the Netherlands, Prev. Vet. Med. (2008) 87:21–30. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Erasmus B.J., Young E., Pieterse L.M., Boshoff S.T., The susceptibility of zebra and elephants to African horsesickness virus, in: Bryans J.T., Gerber H. (Eds.), Equine infectious diseases IV, Veterinary Publications Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1978, pp. 409–413. [Google Scholar]
  • Gale P., Brouwer A., Ramnial V., Kelly L., Kosmider R., Fooks A.R., Snary E.L., Assessing the impact of climate change on vector-borne viruses in the EU through the elicitation of expert opinion, Epidemiol. Infect. (2009) 7:1–12. [Google Scholar]
  • George J.E., The effects of global change on the threat of exotic arthropods and arthropod-borne pathogens to livestock in the United States, Anim. Biodiv. Emerg. Dis. (2008) 1149:249–254. [Google Scholar]
  • Gibbs E.P., Greiner E.C., The epidemiology of bluetongue, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1994) 17:207–220. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Gloster J., Burgin L., Witham C., Athanassiadou M., Mellor P.S., Bluetongue in the United Kingdom and northern Europe in 2007 and key issues for 2008, Vet. Rec. (2008) 162:298–302. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Gould A.R., Hyatt A.D., The Orbivirus genus. Diversity, structure, replication and phylogenetic relationships, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1994) 17:163–188. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Gould E.A., Higgs S., Buckley A., Gritsun T.S., Potential Arbovirus emergence and implications for the United Kingdom, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2006) 12:549–555. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Gould E.A., Higgs S., Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging Arbovirus diseases, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (2009) 103:109–121. [Google Scholar]
  • Guthrie A.J., African horse sickness, in: Sellon D.C., Long M.T. (Eds.), Equine infectious diseases, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, 2007, pp. 164–171. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Guthrie A.J., Quan M., African horse sickness, Equine Vet. Edu. (2009) Manual 8:120–128. [Google Scholar]
  • Guthrie A.J., Pardini A.D., Howell P.G., Equine encephalosis, Equine Vet. Edu. (2009) Manual 8:145–150. [Google Scholar]
  • Haig D.A., McIntosh B.M., Cumming R.B., Hempstead J.F.D., An outbreak of horsesickness, complicated by distemper in a pack of foxhounds, J. S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. (1956) 27:245–249. [Google Scholar]
  • Hazrati A., Identification and typing of horse-sickness virus strains isolated in the recent epizootic of the disease in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, Arch. Inst. Razi (1967) 19:131–143. [Google Scholar]
  • Henning M.W., African horsesickness, perdesiekte, pestis equorum, Animal diseases of South Africa, 3rd ed., Central News Agency Ltd., Pretoria, 1956, pp. 785–808. [Google Scholar]
  • Hoffmann B., Beer M., Reid S.M., Mertens P., Oura C.A., Van Rijn P.A., et al., A review of RT-PCR technologies used in veterinary virology and disease control: sensitive and specific diagnosis of five livestock diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health, Vet. Microbiol. (2009) 139:1–23. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hofmann M.A., Renzullo S., Mader M., Chaignat V., Worwa G., Thuer B., Genetic characterization of Toggenburg Orbivirus, a new bluetongue virus, from goats, Switzerland, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2008) 14:1855–1861. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Howell P.G., The 1960 epizootic of African horsesickness in the Middle East and S.W. Asia, J. S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. (1960) 31:329–334. [Google Scholar]
  • Howell P.G., The isolation and identification of further antigenic types of African horsesickness virus, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. (1962) 29:139–149. [Google Scholar]
  • Howell P.G., Emerging diseases of animals. II. African horsesickness, FAO Agric. Stud. (1963) 61:71–108. [Google Scholar]
  • Howell P.G., Groenewald D., Visage C.W., Bosman A.M., Coetzer J.A.W., Guthrie A.J., The classification of seven serotypes of equine encephalosis virus and the prevalence of homologous antibody in horses in South Africa, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. (2002) 69:79–93. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Howell P.G., Guthrie A.J., Coetzer J.A.W., Equine encephalosis, in: Coetzer J.A.W., Tustin R.C. (Eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Cape Town, 2004, pp. 1247–1251. [Google Scholar]
  • Howell P.G., Nurton J.P., Nel D., Lourens C.W., Guthrie A.J., Prevalence of serotype specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa (1999–2004), Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. (2008) 75:153–161. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Jauniaux T.P., De Clercq K.E., Cassart D.E., Kennedy S., Vandenbussche F.E., Vandemeulebroucke E.L., et al., Bluetongue in Eurasian lynx, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2008) 14:1496–1498. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kitano Y., Ibaraki disease in cattle, in: Coetzer J.A.W., Tustin R.C. (Eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Cape Town, 2004, pp. 1221–1226. [Google Scholar]
  • Lubroth J., African horsesickness and the epizootic in Spain 1987, Equine Pract. (1988) 10:26–33. [Google Scholar]
  • MacDonald N.E., West Nile virus in the context of climate change, Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol. (2008) 19:217–218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • MacLachlan N.J., Osburn B.I., Epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, in: Coetzer J.A.W., Tustin R.C. (Eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Cape Town, 2004, pp. 1227–1230. [Google Scholar]
  • MacLachlan N.J., Osburn B.I., Impact of bluetongue virus infection on the international movement and trade of ruminants, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. (2006) 228:1346–1349. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • MacLachlan N.J., Dubovi E., Veterinary and zoonotic virology, 4th ed., Elsevier, 2010. [Google Scholar]
  • MacLachlan N.J., Drew C.P., Darpel K.E., Worwa G., The pathology and pathogenesis of bluetongue, J. Comp. Pathol. (2009) 141:1–16. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • MacLachlan N.J., Global implications of the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe, Vet. Clin. North Am. (2010) 26:163–171. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mauroy A., Guyot H., De Clercq K., Cassart D.E., Thiry E., Saegerman C., Bluetongue in captive yaks, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2008) 14:675–676. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • McIntosh B.M., Horsesickness antibodies in the sera of dogs in enzootic areas, J. S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. (1955) 26:269–272. [Google Scholar]
  • McIntosh B.M., Immunological types of horsesickness virus and their significance in immunization, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. (1958) 27:465–539. [Google Scholar]
  • Meiswinkel R., Baylis M., Labuschagne K., Stabling and the protection of horses from Culicoides bolitinos (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a recently identified vector of African horse sickness, Bull. Entomol. Res. (2000) 90:509–515. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mertens P.P., Diprose J., Maan S., Singh K.P., Attoui H., Samuel A., Bluetongue virus replication, molecular and structural biology, Vet. Ital. (2004) 40:426–437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mildenberg Z., Westcott D., Bellaiche M., Dastjerdi A., Steinbach F., Drew T., Equine encephalosis virus in Israel, Transbound. Emerg. Dis. (2009) 56:291. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Petersen L.R., Hayes E.B., West Nile virus in the Americas, Med. Clin. North Am. (2008) 92:1307–1322. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pialoux G., Gauzere B.A., Jaureguiberry S., Strobel M., Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis, Lancet Infect. Dis. (2007) 7:319–327. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Piercy S.E., Some observations on African horse-sickness including an account of an outbreak among dogs, East Afr. Agric. J. (1951) 17:62–64. [Google Scholar]
  • Pinto J., Bonacic C., Hamilton-West C., Romero J., Lubroth J., Climate change and animal diseases in South America, Rev. Sci. Tech. (2008) 27:599–613. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Purse B.V., Mellor P.S., Rogers D.J., Samuel A.R., Mertens P.P., Baylis M., Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. (2005) 3:171–181. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Purse B.V., Brown H.E., Harrup L., Mertens P.P.C., Rogers D.J., Invasion of bluetongue and other Orbivirus infections into Europe: the role of biological and climatic processes, Rev. Sci. Tech. (2008) 27:427–442. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Quan M., van Vuuren M., Howell P.G., Groenewald D., Guthrie A.J., Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene, J. Gen. Virol. (2008) 89:1159–1168. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Reid N.R., African horse sickness, Br. Vet. J. (1961) 118:137–142. [Google Scholar]
  • Rodriguez M., Hooghuis H., Castano M., African horse sickness in Spain, Vet. Microbiol. (1992) 33:129–142. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rogers D.J., Randolph S.E., Climate change and vector-borne diseases, Adv. Parasitol. (2006) 62:345–381. [Google Scholar]
  • Russell R.C., Currie B.J., Lindsay M.D., Mackenzie J.S., Ritchie S.A., Whelan P.I., Dengue and climate change in Australia: predictions for the future should incorporate knowledge from the past, Med. J. Aust. (2009) 190:265–268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sailleau C., Seignot J., Davoust B., Cardinale E., Fall B., Hamblin C., Zientara S., African horse sickness in Senegal: serotype identification and nucleotide sequence determination of segment S10 by RT-PCR, Vet. Rec. (2000) 146:107–108. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Schwartz-Cornil I., Mertens P.P., Contreras V., Hemati B., Pascale F., Bréard E., et al., Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity, Vet. Res. (2008) 39:46. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sellers R.F., Pedgley D.E., Tucker M.R., Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind, J. Hyg. (1977) 79:279–298. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Tabachnick W.J., Culicoides and the global epidemiology of bluetongue virus infection, Vet. Ital. (2004) 40:145–150. [Google Scholar]
  • Theiler A., Transmission of horse sickness into dogs, Rep. Govern. Vet. Bacteriol. (1906) 160–162. [Google Scholar]
  • Theiler A., Notes on a fever in horses simulating horse-sickness, Transvaal. Agric. J. (1910) 8:581–586. [Google Scholar]
  • Theiler A., African horse sickness (pestis equorum), Sci. Bull. (1921) 19:1–29. [Google Scholar]
  • Thom H.B., Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, A.A. Balkema, Cape Town/Amsterdam, 1952. [Google Scholar]
  • Verwoerd D.W., Erasmus B.J., Bluetongue, in: Coetzer J.A.W., Tustin R.C. (Eds.), Infectious diseases of livestock, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Cape Town, 2004, pp. 1201–1220. [Google Scholar]
  • Weaver S.C., Reisen W.K., Present and future arboviral threats, Antiviral Res. (2009) 85:328–345. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wilson A.J., Mellor P.S., Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. (2009) 364:2669–2681. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wouda W., Roumen M.P., Peperkamp N.H., Vos J.H., van Garderen E., Muskens J., Hydranencephaly in calves following the bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in the Netherlands, Vet. Rec. (2008) 162:422–423. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Wouda W., Peperkamp N.H., Roumen M.P., Muskens J., van Rijn A., Vellema P., Epizootic congenital hydranencephaly and abortion in cattle due to bluetongue virus serotype 8 in the Netherlands, Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. (2009) 134:422–427. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Yadin H., Brenner J., Brumbrov V., Oved Z., Stram Y., Klement E., et al., Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus type 7 infection in cattle in Israel, Vet. Rec. (2008) 162:53–56. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zeleke A., Sori T., Powel K., Gebre-Ab F., Endebu B., Isolation and identification of circulating serotypes of African horse sickness virus in Ethiopia, Intern. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med. (2005) 3:40–43. [Google Scholar]
  • Zell R., Krumbholz A., Wutzler P., Impact of global warming on viral diseases: what is the evidence?, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2008) 19:652–660. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zientara S., Sailleau C., Plateau E., Moulay S., Mertens P.P., Cruciere C., Molecular epidemiology of African horse sickness virus based on analyses and comparisons of genome segments 7 and 10, Arch. Virol. Suppl. (1998) 14:221–234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]