Open Access
Issue
Vet. Res.
Volume 41, Number 4, July–August 2010
Number of page(s) 13
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010020
Published online 08 April 2010
How to cite this article Vet. Res. (2010) 41:48
  • Andreoletti O., Berthon P., Marc D., Sarradin P., Grosclaude J., Van Keulen L., et al., Early accumulation of PrPSc in gut-associated lymphoid and nervous tissues of susceptible sheep from a Romanov flock with natural scrapie, J. Gen. Virol. (2000) 81:3115–3126. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Beekes M., McBride P.A., Early accumulation of pathological PrP in the enteric nervous system and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of hamsters orally infected with scrapie, Neurosci. Lett. (2000) 278:181–184. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brotherston J.C., Renwick C.C., Stamp J.T., Zlotnik I., Pattison I.H., Spread of scrapie by contact to goats and sheep, J. Comp. Pathol. (1968) 78:9–17. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Chelle P.-L., Un cas de tremblante chez la chèvre, Bull. Acad. Vet. Fr. (1942) 15:294–295. [Google Scholar]
  • Ersdal C., Ulvund M.J., Benestad S.L., Tranulis M.A., Accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in nervous and lymphoid tissues of sheep with subclinical scrapie, Vet. Pathol. (2003) 40:164–174. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Goldmann W., Hunter N., Smith G., Foster J., Hope J., PrP genotype and agent effects in scrapie: change in allelic interaction with different isolates of agent in sheep, a natural host of scrapie, J. Gen. Virol. (1994) 75:989–995. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • González L., Dagleish M.P., Bellworthy S.J., Sisó S., Stack M.J., Chaplin M.J., et al., Postmortem diagnosis of preclinical and clinical scrapie in sheep by the detection of disease-associated PrP in their rectal mucosa, Vet. Rec. (2006) 158:325–331. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • González L., Martin S., Sisó S., Konold T., Ortiz-Peláez A., Phelan L., et al., High prevalence of scrapie in a dairy goat herd: tissue distribution of disease-associated PrP and effect of PRNP genotype and age, Vet. Res. (2009) 40:65. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hamir A.N., Richt J.A., Kunkle R.A., Greenlee J.J., Bulgin M.S., Gregori L., Rohwer R.G., Characterization of a US scrapie isolate with short incubation time, Vet. Pathol. (2009) 46:1205–1212. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Harcourt R.A., Anderson M.A., Naturally-occurring scrapie in goats, Vet. Rec. (1974) 94:504. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Houston E.F., Halliday S.I., Jeffrey M., Goldmann W., Hunter N., New Zealand sheep with scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes succumb to experimental challenge with a sheep-passaged scrapie isolate (SSBP/1), J. Gen. Virol. (2002) 83:1247–1250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hunter N., PrP genetics in sheep and the implications for scrapie and BSE, Trends Microbiol. (1997) 5:331–334. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Jeffrey M., Begara-Mcgorum I., Clark S., Martin S., Clark J., Chaplin M., González L., Occurrence and distribution of infection-specific PrP in tissues of clinical scrapie cases and cull sheep from scrapie-affected farms in Shetland, J. Comp. Pathol. (2002) 127:264–273. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Konold T., Moore S.J., Bellworthy S.J., Simmons H.A., Evidence of scrapie transmission via milk, BMC Vet. Res. (2008) 4:14. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lacroux C., Simon S., Benestad S.L., Maillet S., Mathey J., Lugan S., , Prions in milk from ewes incubating natural scrapie, PLoS Pathog. (2008) 4:e1000238. [Google Scholar]
  • Langeveld J.P.M., Jacobs J.G., Erkens J.H.F., Bossers A., van Zijderveld F.G., van Keulen L.J.M., Rapid and discriminatory diagnosis of scrapie and BSE in retro-pharyngeal lymph nodes of sheep, BMC Vet. Res. (2006) 2:19. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ligios C., Sigurdson C.J., Santucciu C., Carcassola G., Manco G., Basagni M., , PrPsc in mammary glands of sheep affected by scrapie and mastitis, Nat. Med. (2005) 11:1137–1138. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • McBride P.A., Schulz-Schaeffer W.J., Donaldson M., Bruce M., Diringer H., Kretzschmar H.A., Beekes M., Early spread of scrapie from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system involves autonomic fibers of the splanchnic and vagus nerves, J. Virol. (2001) 75:9320–9327. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Reckzeh C., Hoffmann C., Buschmann A., Buda S., Budras K.-D., Reckling K.-F., et al., Rapid testing leads to the underestimation of the scrapie prevalence in an affected sheep and goat flock, Vet. Microbiol. (2007) 123:320–327. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Schneider K., Fangerau H., Michaelsen B., Raab W.H.-M., The early history of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies exemplified by scrapie, Brain Res. Bull. (2008) 77:343–355. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sigurdson C.J., Heikenwalder M., Manco G., Barthel M., Schwarz P., Stecher B., , Bacterial colitis increases susceptibility to oral prion disease, J. Infect. Dis. (2009) 199:243–252. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sisó S., Jeffrey M., González L., Neuroinvasion in sheep transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: the role of the haematogenous route, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. (2009) 35:232–246. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sisó S., Jeffrey M., Martin S., Houston F., Hunter N., González L., Pathogenetical significance of porencephalic lesions associated with intracerebral inoculation of sheep with the BSE agent, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. (2009) 35:247–258. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Spraker T.R., Zink R.R., Cummings B.A., Sigurdson C.J., Miller M.W., O’Rourke K.I., Distribution of protease-resistant prion protein and spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease, Vet. Pathol. (2002) 39:546–556. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Vaccari G., Panagiotidis C., Acín C., Peletto S., Barillet F., Acutis P., et al., State-of-the-art review of goat TSE in the European Union, with special emphasis on PRNP genetics and epidemiology, Vet. Res. (2009) 40:48. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Van Keulen L.J.M., Schreuder B.E.C., Meloen R.H., Mooij-Harkes G., Vromans M.E.W., Langeveld J.P.M., Immunohistochemical detection of prion protein in lymphoid tissues of sheep with natural scrapie, J. Clin. Microbiol. (1996) 34:1228–1231. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Van Keulen L.J.M., Schreuder B.E.C., Vromans M.E.W., Langeveld J.P.M., Smits M.A., Pathogenesis of natural scrapie in sheep, Arch. Virol. Suppl. (2000) 16:57–71. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Van Keulen L.J.M., Vromans M.E.W., van Zijderveld F.G., Early and late pathogenesis of natural scrapie infection in sheep, APMIS (2002) 110:23–32. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Van Keulen L.J., Vromans M.E., Dolstra C.H., Bossers A., van Zijderveld F.G., Pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in sheep, Arch. Virol. (2008) 153:445–453. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Winward L.D., Leendersten L., Shen D.T., Microimmunodiffussion test for ovine progressive pneumonia, Am. J. Vet. Res. (1979) 40:564–566. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wood J.N.L., Done S.H., Pritchard G.C., Wooldridge M.J.A., Natural scrapie in goats: case histories and clinical signs, Vet. Rec. (1992) 131:66–68. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zakharov A., Papaiconomou C., Djenic J., Midha R., Johnston M., Lymphatic cerebrospinal fluid absorption pathways in neonatal sheep revealed by subarachnoid injection of Microfil, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. (2003) 29:563–573. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]