EDP Sciences logo
Search
Menu
All issues Volume 41 / No 5 (September–October 2010) Vet. Res., 41 5 (2010) 57 References
Free Access
Review
Issue
Vet. Res.
Volume 41, Number 5, September–October 2010
Number of page(s) 16
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010029
Published online 29 April 2010
How to cite this article Vet. Res. (2010) 41:57
  • Adams L.M., Simmons C.P., Rezmann L., Strugnell R.A., Robins-Browne R.M., Identification and characterization of a K88- and CS31A-like operon of a rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain which encodes fimbriae involved in the colonization of rabbit intestine, Infect. Immun. (1997) 65:5222–5230. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • An H., Fairbrother J.M., Desautels C., Harel J., Distribution of a novel locus called Paa (porcine attaching and effacing associated) among enteric Escherichia coli, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. (1999) 473:179–184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Baldini M.M., Kaper J.B., Levine M.M., Candy D.C., Moon H.W., Plasmid-mediated adhesion in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. (1983) 2:534–538. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bardiau M., Labrozzo S., Mainil J.G., Putative adhesins of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of serogroup O26 isolated from humans and cattle, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2009) 47:2090–2096. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Batisson I., Guimond M.P., Girard F., An H., Zhu C., Oswald E., et al., Characterization of the novel factor paa involved in the early steps of the adhesion mechanism of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun. (2003) 71:4516–4525. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Baumler A.J., Tsolis R.M., Heffron F., The lpf fimbrial operon mediates adhesion of Salmonella typhimurium to murine Peyer’s patches, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:279–283. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Benz I., Schmidt M.A., Cloning and expression of an adhesin (AIDA-I) involved in diffuse adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun. (1989) 57:1506–1511. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Benz I., Schmidt M.A., AIDA-I, the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence of the diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli strain 2787 (O126:H27), is synthesized via a precursor molecule, Mol. Microbiol. (1992) 6:1539–1546. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Benz I., Schmidt M.A., Isolation and serologic characterization of AIDA-I, the adhesin mediating the diffuse adherence phenotype of the diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli strain 2787 (O126:H27), Infect. Immun. (1992) 60:13–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Benz I., Schmidt M.A., Diffuse adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains – processing of AIDA-I, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. (1993) 278:197–208. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Benz I., van Alen T., Bolte J., Wormann M.E., Schmidt M.A., Modulation of transcription and characterization of the promoter organization of the autotransporter adhesin heptosyltransferase and the autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I, Microbiology (2010) 156:1155–1166. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Berendson R., Cheney C.P., Schad P.A., Boedeker E.C., Species-specific binding of purified pili (AF/R1) from the Escherichia coli RDEC-1 to rabbit intestinal mucosa, Gastroenterology (1983) 85:837–845. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bertschinger H.U., Bachmann M., Mettler C., Pospischil A., Schraner E.M., Stamm M., et al., Adhesive fimbriae produced in vivo by Escherichia coli O139:K12(B):H1 associated with enterotoxaemia in pigs, Vet. Microbiol. (1990) 25:267–281. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bertschinger H.U., Stamm M., Vogeli P., Inheritance of resistance to oedema disease in the pig: experiments with an Escherichia coli strain expressing fimbriae 107, Vet. Microbiol. (1993) 35:79–89. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bertschinger H.U., Nief V., Tschape H., Active oral immunization of suckling piglets to prevent colonization after weaning by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with fimbriae F18, Vet. Microbiol. (2000) 71:255–267. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bielaszewska M., Prager R., Vandivinit L., Musken A., Mellmann A., Holt N.J., et al., Detection and characterization of the fimbrial sfp cluster in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O165:H25/NM isolates from humans and cattle, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2009) 75:64–71. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Blanco J.E., Blanco M., Blanco J., Mora A., Balaguer L., Mourino M., et al., O serogroups, biotypes, and eae genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy rabbits, J. Clin. Microbiol. (1996) 34:3101–3107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Blanco M., Padola N.L., Kruger A., Sanz M.E., Blanco J.E., Gonzalez E.A., et al., Virulence genes and intimin types of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and beef products in Argentina, Int. Microbiol. (2004) 7:269–276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brooks J.T., Sowers E.G., Wells J.G., Greene K.D., Griffin P.M., Hoekstra R.M., Strockbine N.A., Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983–2002, J. Infect. Dis. (2005) 192:1422–1429. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brunder W., Khan A.S., Hacker J., Karch H., Novel type of fimbriae encoded by the large plasmid of sorbitol-fermenting enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H(-), Infect. Immun. (2001) 69:4447–4457. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Buvens G., Pierard D., Hachimi-Idrissi S., Lauwers S., First sorbitol-fermenting Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H- isolated in Belgium, Acta Clin. Belg. (2009) 64:59–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cantey J.R., Blake R.K., Williford J.R., Moseley S.L., Characterization of the Escherichia coli AF/R1 pilus operon: novel genes necessary for transcriptional regulation and for pilus-mediated adherence, Infect. Immun. (1999) 67:2292–2298. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Caprioli A., Morabito S., Brugëre H., Oswald E., Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission, Vet. Res. (2005) 36:289–311. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cergole-Novella M.C., Nishimura L.S., Dos Santos L.F., Irino K., Vaz T.M., Bergamini A.M., Guth B.E., Distribution of virulence profiles related to new toxins and putative adhesins in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from diverse sources in Brazil, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2007) 274:329–334. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Chen H.D., Frankel G., Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: unravelling pathogenesis, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. (2005) 29:83–98. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cheng D., Sun H., Xu J., Gao S., Prevalence of fimbial colonization factors F18ab and F18ac in Escherichia coli isolates from weaned piglets with edema and/or diarrhea in China, Vet. Microbiol. (2005) 110:35–39. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Coddens A., Verdonck F., Tiels P., Rasschaert K., Goddeeris B.M., Cox E., The age-dependent expression of the F18 + E. coli receptor on porcine gut epithelial cells is positively correlated with the presence of histo-blood group antigens, Vet. Microbiol. (2007) 122:332–341. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Daniel A., Singh A., Crowther L.J., Fernandes P.J., Schreiber W., Donnenberg M.S., Interaction and localization studies of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli type IV bundle-forming pilus outer membrane components, Microbiology (2006) 152:2405–2420. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • De Sablet T., Chassard C., Bernalier-Donadille A., Vareille M., Gobert A.P., Martin C., Human microbiota-secreted factors inhibit shiga toxin synthesis by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Infect. Immun. (2009) 77:783–790. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Donnenberg M.S., Giron J.A., Nataro J.P., Kaper J.B., A plasmid-encoded type IV fimbrial gene of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with localized adherence, Mol. Microbiol. (1992) 6:3427–3437. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Donnenberg M.S., Kaper J.B., Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun. (1992) 60:3953–3961. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Doughty S., Sloan J., Bennett-Wood V., Robertson M., Robins-Browne R.M., Hartland E.L., Identification of a novel fimbrial gene cluster related to long polar fimbriae in locus of enterocyte effacement-negative strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun. (2002) 70:6761–6769. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dow M.A., Toth I., Alexa P., Davies M., Malik A., Oswald E., Nagy B., Predominance of afr2 and ral fimbrial genes related to those encoding the K88 and CS31A fimbrial adhesins in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from rabbits with postweaning diarrhea in Central Europe, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2005) 43:1366–1371. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dziva F., van Diemen P.M., Stevens M.P., Smith A.J., Wallis T.S., Identification of Escherichia coli O157: H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis, Microbiology (2004) 150:3631–3645. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Fairbrother J.M., Nadeau E., Gyles C.L., Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: an update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies, Anim. Health Res. Rev. (2005) 6:17–39. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Fang Y., Ngeleka M., Middleton D.M., Simko E., Isolation and identification of AIDA-I receptors in porcine intestinal mucus, Vet. Microbiol. (2008) 126:345–355. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ferreira G.M., Spira B., The pst operon of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli enhances bacterial adherence to epithelial cells, Microbiology (2008) 154:2025–2036. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Fiederling F., Boury M., Petit C., Milon A., Adhesive factor/rabbit 2, a new fimbrial adhesin and a virulence factor from Escherichia coli O103, a serogroup enteropathogenic for rabbits, Infect. Immun. (1997) 65:847–851. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Friedrich A.W., Nierhoff K.V., Bielaszewska M., Mellmann A., Karch H., Phylogeny, clinical associations, and diagnostic utility of the pilin subunit gene (sfpA) of sorbitol-fermenting, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2004) 42:4697–4701. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Frydendahl K., Kare Jensen T., Strodl Andersen J., Fredholm M., Evans G., Association between the porcine Escherichia coli F18 receptor genotype and phenotype and susceptibility to colonisation and postweaning diarrhoea caused by E. coli O138:F18, Vet. Microbiol. (2003) 93:39–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Giron J.A., Ho A.S., Schoolnik G.K., An inducible bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Science (1991) 254:710–713. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Goffaux F., China B., Janssen L., Mainil J., Genotypic characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated in Belgium from dogs and cats, Res. Microbiol. (2000) 151:865–871. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hansson G.C., Structural aspects of blood group glycosphingolipids in the gastrointestinal tract, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. (1988) 228:465–494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hayashi T., Makino K., Ohnishi M., Kurokawa K., Ishii K., Yokoyama K., et al., Complete genome sequence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and genomic comparison with a laboratory strain K-12, DNA Res. (2001) 8:11–22. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hernandes R.T., Elias W.P., Vieira M.A., Gomes T.A., An overview of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2009) 297:137–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hornitzky M.A., Mercieca K., Bettelheim K.A., Djordjevic S.P., Bovine feces from animals with gastrointestinal infections are a source of serologically diverse atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains that commonly possess intimin, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2005) 71:3405–3412. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Imberechts H., De Greve H., Schlicker C., Bouchet H., Pohl P., Charlier G., et al., Characterization of F107 fimbriae of Escherichia coli 107/86, which causes edema disease in pigs, and nucleotide sequence of the F107 major fimbrial subunit gene, fedA, Infect. Immun. (1992) 60:1963–1971. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Imberechts H., Wild P., Charlier G., De Greve H., Lintermans P., Pohl P., Characterization of F18 fimbrial genes fedE and fedF involved in adhesion and length of enterotoxemic Escherichia coli strain 107/86, Microb. Pathog. (1996) 21:183–192. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Jakubczak A., Szych J., Januszkiewicz K., Characterization of first sorbitol-fermenting shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H- strain isolated in Poland, Med. Dosw. Mikrobiol. (2008) 60:173–181 (in Polish). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Jenkins C., Perry N.T., Cheasty T., Shaw D.J., Frankel G., Dougan G., et al., Distribution of the saa gene in strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli of human and bovine origins, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2003) 41:1775–1778. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Johnson J.R., Russo T.A., Tarr P.I., Carlino U., Bilge S.S., Vary J.C. Jr, Stell A.L., Molecular epidemiological and phylogenetic associations of two novel putative virulence genes, iha and iroN (E. coli), among Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urosepsis, Infect. Immun. (2000) 68:3040–3047. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Johnson J.R., Jelacic S., Schoening L.M., Clabots C., Shaikh N., Mobley H.L., Tarr P.I., The IrgA homologue adhesin Iha is an Escherichia coli virulence factor in murine urinary tract infection, Infect. Immun. (2005) 73:965–971. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Karmali M.A., Mascarenhas M., Shen S., Ziebell K., Johnson S., Reid-Smith R., et al., Association of genomic O island 122 of Escherichia coli EDL 933 with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli seropathotypes that are linked to epidemic and/or serious disease, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2003) 41:4930–4940. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Klapproth J.M., Scaletsky I.C., McNamara B.P., Lai L.C., Malstrom C., James S.P., Donnenberg M.S., A large toxin from pathogenic Escherichia coli strains that inhibits lymphocyte activation, Infect. Immun. (2000) 68:2148–2155. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kobayashi K., Seto K., Yatsuyanagi J., Saito S., Terao M., Kaneko M., et al., Presence of the genes regarding adherence factors of Escherichia coli isolates and a consideration of the procedure for detection of diarrheagenic strain, Kansenshogaku Zasshi (2002) 76:911–920 (in Japanese). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Konowalchuk J., Speirs J.I., Stavric S., Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun. (1977) 18:775–779. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Krause G., Zimmermann S., Beutin L., Investigation of domestic animals and pets as a reservoir for intimin- (eae) gene positive Escherichia coli types, Vet. Microbiol. (2005) 106:87–95. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Krejany E.O., Grant T.H., Bennett-Wood V., Adams L.M., Robins-Browne R.M., Contribution of plasmid-encoded fimbriae and intimin to capacity of rabbit-specific enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to attach to and colonize rabbit intestine, Infect. Immun. (2000) 68:6472–6477. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Laarmann S., Schmidt M.A., The Escherichia coli AIDA autotransporter adhesin recognizes an integral membrane glycoprotein as receptor, Microbiology (2003) 149:1871–1882. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leclerc S., Boerlin P., Gyles C., Dubreuil J.D., Mourez M., Fairbrother J.M., Harel J., paa, originally identified in attaching and effacing Escherichia coli, is also associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli , Res. Microbiol. (2007) 158:97–104. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lee J.H., Choi S.J., Isolation and characteristics of sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157 strains from cattle, Microbes Infect. (2006) 8:2021–2026. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leveille S., Caza M., Johnson J.R., Clabots C., Sabri M., Dozois C.M., Iha from an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection outbreak clonal group A strain is expressed in vivo in the mouse urinary tract and functions as a catecholate siderophore receptor, Infect. Immun. (2006) 74:3427–3436. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Levine M.M., Nataro J.P., Karch H., Baldini M.M., Kaper J.B., Black R.E., et al., The diarrheal response of humans to some classic serotypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is dependent on a plasmid encoding an enteroadhesiveness factor, J. Infect. Dis. (1985) 152:550–559. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Low A.S., Dziva F., Torres A.G., Martinez J.L., Rosser T., Naylor S., et al., Cloning, expression, and characterization of fimbrial operon F9 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Infect. Immun. (2006) 74:2233–2244. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Low A.S., Holden N., Rosser T., Roe A.J., Constantinidou C., Hobman J.L., et al., Analysis of fimbrial gene clusters and their expression in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Environ. Microbiol. (2006) 8:1033–1047. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lu Y., Iyoda S., Satou H., Itoh K., Saitoh T., Watanabe H., A new immunoglobulin-binding protein, EibG, is responsible for the chain-like adhesion phenotype of locus of enterocyte effacement-negative, shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Infect. Immun. (2006) 74:5747–5755. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lucchesi P.M., Kruger A., Parma A.E., Distribution of saa gene variants in verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and food, Res. Microbiol. (2006) 157:263–266. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mainil J., Shiga/verocytotoxins and Shiga/verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in animals, Vet. Res. (1999) 30:235–257. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mainil J.G., Jacquemin E., Pohl P., Kaeckenbeeck A., Benz I., DNA sequences coding for the F18 fimbriae and AIDA adhesin are localised on the same plasmid in Escherichia coli isolates from piglets, Vet. Microbiol. (2002) 86:303–311. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mainil J.G., Daube G., Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli from animals, humans and foods: who’s who?, J. Appl. Microbiol. (2005) 98:1332–1344. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Moon H.W., Whipp S.C., Argenzio R.A., Levine M.M., Giannella R.A., Attaching and effacing activities of rabbit and human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in pig and rabbit intestines, Infect. Immun. (1983) 41:1340–1351. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Moreira C.G., Palmer K., Whiteley M., Sircili M.P., Trabulsi L.R., Castro A.F., Sperandio V., Bundle-forming pili and EspA are involved in biofilm formation by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, J. Bacteriol. (2006) 188:3952–3961. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Moxley R.A., Francis D.H., Natural and experimental infection with an attaching and effacing strain of Escherichia coli in calves, Infect. Immun. (1986) 53:339–346. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Moxley R.A., Edema disease, Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. (2000) 16:175–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Musken A., Bielaszewska M., Greune L., Schweppe C.H., Muthing J., Schmidt H., et al., Anaerobic conditions promote expression of Sfp fimbriae and adherence of sorbitol-fermenting enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:NM to human intestinal epithelial cells, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2008) 74:1087–1093. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Nagy B., Casey T.A., Moon H.W., Phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhea in Hungary, J. Clin. Microbiol. (1990) 28:651–653. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Nataro J.P., Kaper J.B., Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (1998) 11:142–201. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Nicholls L., Grant T.H., Robins-Browne R.M., Identification of a novel genetic locus that is required for in vitro adhesion of a clinical isolate of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells, Mol. Microbiol. (2000) 35:275–288. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Niewerth U., Frey A., Voss T., Le Bouguenec C., Baljer G., Franke S., Schmidt M.A., The AIDA autotransporter system is associated with F18 and stx2e in Escherichia coli isolates from pigs diagnosed with edema disease and postweaning diarrhea, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. (2001) 8:143–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Orden J.A., Cortes C., Ruiz-Santa-quiteria J.A., Martinez S., de la Fuente R., Detection of the saa gene in verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli from ruminants, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. (2005) 17:65–67. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Osek J., Prevalence of virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy piglets after weaning, Vet. Microbiol. (1999) 68:209–217. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Paton A.W., Srimanote P., Woodrow M.C., Paton J.C., Characterization of Saa, a novel autoagglutinating adhesin produced by locus of enterocyte effacement-negative Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strains that are virulent for humans, Infect. Immun. (2001) 69:6999–7009. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Penteado A.S., Ugrinovich L.A., Blanco J., Blanco M., Blanco J.E., Mora A., et al., Serobiotypes and virulence genes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy rabbits in Brazil, Vet. Microbiol. (2002) 89:41–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Perna N.T., Plunkett G. 3rd, Burland V., Mau B., Glasner J.D., Rose D.J., et al., Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Nature (2001) 409:529–533. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pillien F., Chalareng C., Boury M., Tasca C., de Rycke J., Milon A., Role of Adhesive Factor/Rabbit 2 in experimental enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O103 diarrhea of weaned rabbit, Vet. Microbiol. (1996) 50:105–115. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Puente J.L., Bieber D., Ramer S.W., Murray W., Schoolnik G.K., The bundle-forming pili of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: transcriptional regulation by environmental signals, Mol. Microbiol. (1996) 20:87–100. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rafiee P., Leffler H., Byrd J.C., Cassels F.J., Boedeker E.C., Kim Y.S., A sialoglycoprotein complex linked to the microvillus cytoskeleton acts as a receptor for pilus (AF/R1) mediated adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (RDEC-1) in rabbit small intestine, J. Cell Biol. (1991) 115:1021–1029. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rangel J.M., Sparling P.H., Crowe C., Griffin P.M., Swerdlow D.L., Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982–2002, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2005) 11:603–609. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rashid R.A., Tarr P.I., Moseley S.L., Expression of the Escherichia coli IrgA homolog adhesin is regulated by the ferric uptake regulation protein, Microb. Pathog. (2006) 41:207–217. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ravi M., Ngeleka M., Kim S.H., Gyles C., Berthiaume F., Mourez M., et al., Contribution of AIDA-I to the pathogenicity of a porcine diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and to intestinal colonization through biofilm formation in pigs, Vet. Microbiol. (2007) 120:308–319. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rippinger P., Bertschinger H.U., Imberechts H., Nagy B., Sorg I., Stamm M., et al., Designations F18ab and F18ac for the related fimbrial types F107, 2134P and 8813 of Escherichia coli isolated from porcine postweaning diarrhoea and from oedema disease, Vet. Microbiol. (1995) 45:281–295. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Robins-Browne R.M., Traditional enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of infantile diarrhea, Rev. Infect. Dis. (1987) 9:28–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rowe P.C., Orrbine E., Lior H., Wells G.A., McLaine P.N., Diarrhoea in close contacts as a risk factor for childhood haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The CPKDRC co-investigators, Epidemiol. Infect. (1993) 110:9–16. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ryu H., Kim Y.S., Grange P.A., Cassels F.J., Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1 AF/R1 endogenous fimbrial glycoconjugate receptor molecules in rabbit small intestine, Infect. Immun. (2001) 69:640–649. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Salajka E., Salajkova Z., Alexa P., Hornich M., Colonization factor different from K88, K99, F41 and 987P in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from postweaning diarrhoea in pigs, Vet. Microbiol. (1992) 32:163–175. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Senerwa D., Olsvik O., Mutanda L.N., Lindqvist K.J., Gathuma J.M., Fossum K., Wachsmuth K., Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotype O111:HNT isolated from preterm neonates in Nairobi, Kenya, J. Clin. Microbiol. (1989) 27:1307–1311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sherlock O., Schembri M.A., Reisner A., Klemm P., Novel roles for the AIDA adhesin from diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: cell aggregation and biofilm formation, J. Bacteriol. (2004) 186:8058–8065. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Smeds A., Hemmann K., Jakava-Viljanen M., Pelkonen S., Imberechts H., Palva A., Characterization of the adhesin of Escherichia coli F18 fimbriae, Infect. Immun. (2001) 69:7941–7945. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sohel I., Puente J.L., Murray W.J., Vuopio-Varkila J., Schoolnik G.K., Cloning and characterization of the bundle-forming pilin gene of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and its distribution in Salmonella serotypes, Mol. Microbiol. (1993) 7:563–575. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sohel I., Puente J.L., Ramer S.W., Bieber D., Wu C.Y., Schoolnik G.K., Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: identification of a gene cluster coding for bundle-forming pilus morphogenesis, J. Bacteriol. (1996) 178:2613–2628. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stevens M.P., van Diemen P.M., Frankel G., Phillips A.D., Wallis T.S., Efa1 influences colonization of the bovine intestine by shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes O5 and O111, Infect. Immun. (2002) 70:5158–5166. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stevens M.P., Roe A.J., Vlisidou I., van Diemen P.M., La Ragione R.M., Best A., et al., Mutation of toxB and a truncated version of the efa-1 gene in Escherichia coli O157:H7 influences the expression and secretion of locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded proteins but not intestinal colonization in calves or sheep, Infect. Immun. (2004) 72:5402–5411. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stone K.D., Zhang H.Z., Carlson L.K., Donnenberg M.S., A cluster of fourteen genes from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is sufficient for the biogenesis of a type IV pilus, Mol. Microbiol. (1996) 20:325–337. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Szalo I.M., Goffaux F., Pirson V., Pierard D., Ball H., Mainil J., Presence in bovine enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli of genes encoding for putative adhesins of human EHEC strains, Res. Microbiol. (2002) 153:653–658. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tarr P.I., Bilge S.S., Vary J.C. Jr, Jelacic S., Habeeb R.L., Ward T.R., et al., Iha: a novel Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence-conferring molecule encoded on a recently acquired chromosomal island of conserved structure, Infect. Immun. (2000) 68:1400–1407. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tatarczak M., Wieczorek K., Posse B., Osek J., Identification of putative adhesin genes in shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources, Vet. Microbiol. (2005) 110:77–85. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tatsuno I., Horie M., Abe H., Miki T., Makino K., Shinagawa H., et al., toxB gene on pO157 of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is required for full epithelial cell adherence phenotype, Infect. Immun. (2001) 69:6660–6669. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tatsuno I., Mundy R., Frankel G., Chong Y., Phillips A.D., Torres A.G., Kaper J.B., The lpf gene cluster for long polar fimbriae is not involved in adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli or virulence of Citrobacter rodentium , Infect. Immun. (2006) 74:265–272. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tiels P., Verdonck F., Smet A., Goddeeris B., Cox E., The F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF is highly conserved among F18 + Escherichia coli isolates, Vet. Microbiol. (2005) 110:277–283. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tiels P., Verdonck F., Coddens A., Goddeeris B., Cox E., The excretion of F18 + E. coli is reduced after oral immunisation of pigs with a FedF and F4 fimbriae conjugate, Vaccine (2008) 26:2154–2163. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tobe T., Sasakawa C., Species-specific cell adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is mediated by type IV bundle-forming pili, Cell. Microbiol. (2002) 4:29–42. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Toma C., Martìnez Espinosa E., Song T., Miliwebsky E., Chinen I., Iyoda S., et al., Distribution of putative adhesins in different seropathotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2004) 42:4937–4946. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Toma C., Higa N., Iyoda S., Rivas M., Iwanaga M., The long polar fimbriae genes identified in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are present in other diarrheagenic E. coli and in the standard E. coli collection of reference (ECOR) strains, Res. Microbiol. (2006) 157:153–161. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Toma C., Nakasone N., Miliwebsky E., Higa N., Rivas M., Suzuki T., Differential adherence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli harboring saa to epithelial cells, Int. J. Med. Microbiol. (2008) 298:571–578. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Torres A.G., Giron J.A., Perna N.T., Burland V., Blattner F.R., Avelino-Flores F., Kaper J.B., Identification and characterization of lpfABCC’DE, a fimbrial operon of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Infect. Immun. (2002) 70:5416–5427. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Torres A.G., Perna N.T., Burland V., Ruknudin A., Blattner F.R., Kaper J.B., Characterization of Cah, a calcium-binding and heat-extractable autotransporter protein of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Mol. Microbiol. (2002) 45:951–966. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Torres A.G., Kanack K.J., Tutt C.B., Popov V., Kaper J.B., Characterization of the second long polar (LP) fimbriae of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and distribution of LP fimbriae in other pathogenic E. coli strains, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2004) 238:333–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tozzoli R., Caprioli A., Morabito S., Detection of toxB, a plasmid virulence gene of Escherichia coli O157, in enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic E. coli, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2005) 43:4052–4056. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Trabulsi L.R., Keller R., Tardelli Gomes T.A., Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2002) 8:508–513. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Vallance B.A., Finlay B.B., Exploitation of host cells by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2000) 97:8799–8806. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • van Diemen P.M., Dziva F., Stevens M.P., Wallis T.S., Identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26:H- genes required for intestinal colonization in calves, Infect. Immun. (2005) 73:1735–1743. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • van Duijkeren E., van Asten A.J., Gaastra W., Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from adult horses with and without enteritis, Vet. Q. (2000) 22:162–166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Verdonck F., Tiels P., van Gog K., Goddeeris B.M., Lycke N., Clements J., Cox E., Mucosal immunization of piglets with purified F18 fimbriae does not protect against F18 + Escherichia coli infection, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. (2007) 120:69–79. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wells J.G., Davis B.R., Wachsmuth I.K., Riley L.W., Remis R.S., Sokolow R., Morris G.K., Laboratory investigation of hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype, J. Clin. Microbiol. (1983) 18:512–520. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wells T.J., Sherlock O., Rivas L., Mahajan A., Beatson S.A., Torpdahl M., et al., EhaA is a novel autotransporter protein of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 that contributes to adhesion and biofilm formation, Environ. Microbiol. (2008) 10:589–604. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wieler L.H., Bauerfeind R., STEC as a veterinary problem. Diagnostics and prophylaxis in animals, Methods Mol. Med. (2003) 73:75–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Xicohtencatl-Cortes J., Monteiro-Neto V., Ledesma M.A., Jordan D.M., Francetic O., Kaper J.B., et al., Intestinal adherence associated with type IV pili of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, J. Clin. Invest. (2007) 117:3519–3529. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Xicohtencatl-Cortes J., Monteiro-Neto V., Saldana Z., Ledesma M.A., Puente J.L., Giron J.A., The type 4 pili of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 are multi-purpose structures with pathogenic attributes, J. Bacteriol. (2009) 191:411–421. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Yokoyama H., Hashi T., Umeda K., Icatlo F.C. Jr, Kuroki M., Ikemori Y., Kodama Y., Effect of oral egg antibody in experimental F18 + Escherichia coli infection in weaned pigs, J. Vet. Med. Sci. (1997) 59:917–921. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zhao L., Chen X., Xu X., Song G., Liu X., Analysis of the AIDA-I gene sequence and prevalence in Escherichia coli isolates from pigs with post-weaning diarrhoea and oedema disease, Vet. J. (2009) 180:124–129. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zuniga A., Yokoyama H., Albicker-Rippinger P., Eggenberger E., Bertschinger H.U., Reduced intestinal colonisation with F18-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned pigs fed chicken egg antibody against the fimbriae, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. (1997) 18:153–161. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zweifel C., Schumacher S., Blanco M., Blanco J.E., Tasara T., Blanco J., Stephan R., Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from Swiss cattle, Vet. Microbiol. (2005) 105:37–45. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zweifel C., Schumacher S., Beutin L., Blanco J., Stephan R., Virulence profiles of Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pig at slaughter, Vet. Microbiol. (2006) 117:328–332. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]