Open Access
Issue
Vet. Res.
Volume 37, Number 3, May-June 2006
Mucosal immunology in domestic animals
Page(s) 417 - 441
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2006009
Published online 09 March 2006
How to cite this article Vet. Res. (2006) 417-441
References of Vet. Res. 37 (2006) 417-441
  1. Asarnow D.M., Kuzile W.A., Bonyhadi M., Tigelaar R.E., Tucker P.W., Allison J.P., Limited diversity of $\gamma$/$\delta$ antigen receptor genes of Thy- 1+ dendritic epidermal cells, Cell 55 (1988) 837-847 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  2. Baron C., Sachs D.H., LeGuerin C., A particular TCR$\beta$ variable used by T-cells infiltrating kidney transplants, J. Immunol. 166 (2001) 2589-2596 [PubMed].
  3. Berland R., Wortis H.H., Origin and functions of B-1 cells with notes on the role of CD5, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20 (2002) 253-300 [PubMed].
  4. Binns R.M., Duncan I.A., Powis S.J., Hutchings A., Butcher G.W., Subsets of null and gamma delta T-cell receptor + T lymphocytes in the blood of young pigs identified by specific monoclonal antibodies, Immunology 77 (1992) 219-227 [PubMed].
  5. Blutt S.E., Crawford S.E., Warfield K.L., Lewis D.E., Estes M.K., Conner M.E., The VP7 outer capsid protein of rotavirus induces polyclonal B-cell activation, J. Virol. 78 (2004) 6974-6981 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  6. Bogue M., Gilfillan S., Benoist C., Mathis D., Regulation of N-region diversity in antigen receptors through thymocyte differentiation and thymus ontogeny, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 11011-11015 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  7. Brown W.R., Butler J.E., Characterization of the single C$\alpha$ gene of swine, Mol. Immunol. 31 (1994) 633-642 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  8. Brown W.R., Kacskovics I., Amendt B., Shinde R., Blackmore N., Rothschild M., Butler J.E., The hinge deletion variant of porcine IgA results from a mutation at the splice acceptor site in the first C$\alpha$ intron, J. Immunol. 154 (1995) 3836-3842 [PubMed].
  9. Butler J.E., Immunoglobulins of the mammary secretion, in: Larson B.L., Smith V. (Eds.), Lactation, a comprehensive treatise, Academic Press, Vol. III, 1974, pp. 217-255.
  10. Butler J.E., Immunoglobulin gene organization and the mechanism of repertoire development, Scand. J. Immunol. 45 (1997) 455-462 [PubMed].
  11. Butler J.E., Immunoglobulins and immune cells in animal milks, in: Ogra P.L., Mestecky J., Lamm M.E., Strober W., McGhee J.R., Bienenstock J. (Eds.), Mucosal Immunology, Chapter 98, Academic Press, New York, 1998, pp. 1531-1554.
  12. Butler J.E., Disparate mechanisms drive antibody diversity among mammals: An important addition to immunology textbooks, Curr. Trends Immunol. 5 (2003) 1-18.
  13. Butler J.E., Preface, in: Butler J.E. (Ed.), Antibody and B-cell development in vertebrates, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 30 (2006) 1-17 [PubMed].
  14. Butler J.E., Sun J., Navarro P., The swine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus has a single JH and no identifiable IgD, Int. Immunol. 8 (1996) 1897-1904 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  15. Butler J.E., Sun J., Weber P., Francis D., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. III. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tracts results in preferential diversification of the pre-immune mucosal B-cell repertoire, Immunology 100 (2000) 119-130 [PubMed].
  16. Butler J.E., Weber P., Sinkora M., Sun J., Ford S.J., Christenson R., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. II. Characterization of heavy chain CDR3 diversity in the developing fetus, J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 6999-7011 [PubMed].
  17. Butler J.E., Sun J., Weber P., Ford S.P., Rehakova Z., Sinkora J., Lager K., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. IV. Switch recombination, primarily in fetal thymus, occurs independent of environmental antigen and is only weakly associated with repertoire diversification, J. Immunol. 167 (2001) 3239-3249 [PubMed].
  18. Butler J.E., Weber P., Sinkora M., Baker D., Schoenherr A., Mayer B., Francis D., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. VIII. Colonization is required for newborn piglets to make serum antibodies to T-dependent and type 2 T-independent antigens, J. Immunol. 169 (2002) 6822-6830 [PubMed].
  19. Butler J.E., Wertz N., Wang H., Sun J., Chardon P., Piumi F., Wells K., Antibody repertoire in fetal and neonatal pigs. VII. Characterization of the pre-immune kappa light chain repertoire, J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 6794-6805 [PubMed].
  20. Butler J.E., Kehrle M.E., Immunocytes and immunoglobulins in milk, in: Ogra P.L., Mestecky J., Lamm M.E., Strober W., McGhee J.R., Bienenstock J. (Eds.), Mucosal Immunology, 3rd ed., Academic Press, New York, 2004, pp.1763-1793.
  21. Butler J.E., Wertz N., Sun J., Wang H., Lemke C., Chardon P., Puimi F., Wells K., The pre-immune variable kappa repertoire of swine is selectively generated from certain subfamilies of V$\kappa$2 and one J$\kappa$ gene, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 108 (2005) 127-137 [PubMed].
  22. Butler J.E., Francis D., Freeling J., Weber P., Krieg A.M., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. IX. Three PAMPs act synergistically to allow germfree piglets to respond to TI-2 and TD antigen, J. Immunol. 175 (2005) 6772-6785 [PubMed].
  23. Butler J.E., Wertz N., Sun J., Sacco R., Characterization of the porcine V$\beta$ repertoire in thymocytes versus peripheral T-cells, Immunology 114 (2005) 184-193 [PubMed].
  24. Butler J.E., Sun J., Wertz N., Sinkora M., Antibody and B cell development in swine, in: Butler J.E. (Ed.), Antibody and B cell development in vertebrates, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 30 (2006) 199-221 [PubMed].
  25. Cannon J.P., Haire R.N., Litman G.W., Identification of diversified genes that contain immunoglobulin-like variable regions in a protochordate, Nat. Immunol. 3 (2002) 1200-1207 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  26. Casali P., Schettino E.W., Structure and function of natural antibodies, in: Rose N., Potter M. (Eds.), Immunology of silicones, Springer Verlag, 1996, pp. 167-179.
  27. Chen C.L., Cihak J., Losch U., Cooper M.D., Differential expression of two T cell receptors, TcR1 and TcR2, on chicken lymphocytes, Eur. J. Immunol. 18 (1988) 539-543 [PubMed].
  28. Chen P.P., Liu M.-F., Sinha S., Carson D.A., A 16/6 idiotype positive anti-DNA antibody is encoded by a conserved VH gene with no somatic mutation, Arthr. Rheum. 31 (1988) 1429-1431.
  29. Chowers Y., Holtmeier W., Harwood J., Morzycka-Wroblewska E., Kagnoff M.F., The V$\delta$1 T cell receptor repertoire in human small intestine and colon, J. Exp. Med. 180 (1994) 183-190 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  30. Chung J.B., Sater R.A., Fields M.L., Erikson J., Monroe J.G., CD23 defines two distinct subsets of immature B cells which differ in their response to T cell help signals, Int. Immunol. 14 (2002) 157-166 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  31. Chung J.B., Silverman M., Monroe J.G., Transitional B cells: step by step toward immune competence, Trends Immunol. 24 (2003) 343-349 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  32. Cohn M., What are the commonalities governing the behavior of humoral immune recognitive repertoires? in: Butler J.E. (Ed.), Antibody and B cell repertoire development in vertebrates, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 30 (2006) 19-42 [PubMed].
  33. Cukrowska B., Sinkora J., Rehakova Z., Sinkora M., Splichal I., Tukova L., Avrameas S., Saalmueller A., Barto-Ciorbarus R., Tlaskalova-Hogenova H., Isotype and antibody specificity of spontaneously formed immunoglobulins in pig fetuses and germ-free piglets: production of CD5(-) B cells, Immunology 88 (1996) 611-617 [PubMed].
  34. De Bruin M.G., van Rooij E.M., Voermans J.J., de Visser Y.E., Bianchi A.T., Kimman T.G., Establishment and characterization of porcine cytolytic cell lines and clones, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 59 (1997) 337-347 [PubMed].
  35. Dighiero G.P., Lymberi P., Holmberg D., Lundquist I., Coutinho A., Avrameas S., High frequency of natural autoantibodies in normal mice, J. Immunol. 134 (1985) 765-771 [PubMed].
  36. Dunkley M., Pabst R., Cripps A., An important role for intestinally derived T cells in respiratory defense, Immunol. Today 16 (1995) 231-236 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  37. Durandy A., Thuillier L., Forveille M., Fischer A., Phenotypic and functional characteristics of human newborn B lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 144 (1990) 60-65 [PubMed].
  38. Elliott D.E., Summers R.W., Weinstock J.V., Helminths and the modulation of mucosal inflammation, Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 21 (2005) 51-58 [PubMed].
  39. Francis D.H., Willgohs J.A., A live avirulent Escherichia coli vaccine for K88+ exterotoxigenic colibacillosis in weaned pig, Am. J. Vet. Res. 52 (1991) 1051-1055 [PubMed].
  40. Griebel P.J., Hein W.R., Expanding the role of Peyer's patches in B cell ontogeny, Immunol. Today 17 (1996) 30-39 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  41. Havran W.L., Allison J.P., Developmentally ordered appearance of thymocytes expressing different T-cell antigen receptors, Nature 335 (1998) 443-445 [CrossRef].
  42. Havran W.L., Carbone A., Allison J.P., Murine T cells with invariant $\gamma$/$\delta$ antigen receptors: origin, repertoire, and specificity, Semin. Immunol. 3 (1991) 89-97 [PubMed].
  43. Hein W.R., Mackay C.R., Prominence of $\gamma$/$\delta$ T cells in the ruminant system, Immunol. Today 12 (1991) 30-34 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  44. Holtmeier W., Compartmentalization of $\gamma$/$\delta$ T cells and their putative role in mucosal immunity, Crit. Rev. Immunol. 23 (2003) 473-488 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  45. Holtmeier W., Chowers Y., Lumeng A., Morzycka-Wroblewska E., Kagnoff M.F., The $\delta$ T cell receptor repertoire in human colon and peripheral blood is oligoclonal irrespective of V region usage, J. Clin. Invest. 96 (1995) 1108-1117 [PubMed].
  46. Holtmeier W., Witthöft T., Hennemann A., Winter H.S., Kagnoff M.F., The TCR-$\delta$ repertoire in human intestine undergoes characteristic changes during fetal to adult development, J. Immunol. 158 (1997) 5632-5641 [PubMed].
  47. Holtmeier W., Pänder M., Hennemann A., Zollner T.M., Kaufmann R., Caspary W.F., The TCR$\delta$ repertoire in normal human skin is restricted and distinct from the TCR$\delta$ repertoire in the peripheral blood, J. Invest. Dermatol. 116 (2001) 275-280 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  48. Holtmeier W., Käller J., Geisel W., Pabst R., Caspary W.F., Rothkötter H.J., Development and compartmentalization of the porcine TCR$\delta$ repertoire at mucosal and extraintestinal sites: The pig as a model for analyzing the effect of age and microbial factors, J. Immunol. 169 (2002) 1993-2002 [PubMed].
  49. Holtmeier W., Geisel W., Bernert K., Butler J.E., Sinkora M., Rehakova Z., Sinkora J., Caspary W.F., Prenatal development of the porcine TCR$\delta$ repertoire: dominant expression of an invariant T cell receptor V$\delta$3-J$\delta$3 chain, Eur. J. Immunol. 34 (2004) 1941-1949 [PubMed].
  50. Holtmeier W., Kabelitz D., $\gamma$/$\delta$ cells link innate and adaptive immune responses, Chem. Immunol. 86 (2005) 151-183.
  51. Hood L., Gray W.R., Sanders B.G., Dreyer W.J., Light chain evolution, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 32 (1967) 133-146.
  52. Hooper L.V., Wong M.H., Thelin A., Hanson L., Falk P.G., Gordon J.I., Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationship in the intestine, Science 28 (2001) 881-884 [CrossRef].
  53. Itohara S., Farr A.G., Lafaille J.J., Bonneville M., Takagaki Y., Haas W., Tonegawa S., Homing of a $\gamma$/$\delta$ thymocyte, subset with homogeneous T-cell receptors to mucosal epithelia, Nature 343 (1990) 754-757 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  54. Itohara S., Mombaerts P., Lafaille J., Iacomini J., Nelson A., Clarke A.R., Hooper M.L., Farr A., Tonegawa S., T cell receptor $\delta$ gene mutant mice: independent generation of $\alpha$/$\beta$ T cells and programmed rearrangements of $\gamma$/$\delta$ TCR genes, Cell 72 (1993) 337-348 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  55. Jaeger M.A., Lamar C.H., Bottoms G.D., Cline T.R., Growth-stimulating substances in porcine milk, Am. J. Vet. Res. 48 (1987) 1531-1533 [PubMed].
  56. Kacskovics I., Sun J., Butler J.E., Five subclasses of swine IgG identified from the cDNA sequences of a single animal, J. Immunol. 153 (1994) 3566-3573.
  57. Karupiah G., Sacks T.E., Klinman D.M., Frederickson T.N., Hartley J.W., Chen J.H., Morse H.C., Murine cytomegalovirus infection-induced polyclonal B cell activation is independent of CD4(+) T cells and CD40, Virology 240 (1998) 12-26 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  58. Kehoe J.M., Capra J.D., Nature and significance of immunoglobulin subclasses, NY State J. Med. 74 (1974) 489-491.
  59. Klagsbrun M., Human milk stimulates DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in cultured fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75 (1978) 5057-5061 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  60. Klobasa F., Butler J.E., Werhahn E., Habe F., Maternal-neonatal immunoregulation in swine. II. Influence of multi-parity on de novo synthesis by piglets, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 11 (1966) 149-159.
  61. Klobasa F., Werhahn E., Butler J.E., Regulation of humoral immunity in the piglet by immunoglobulins of maternal origin, Res. Vet. Sci. 31 (1981) 195-206 [PubMed].
  62. Knight K.L., Becker R.S., Molecular basis of allelic inheritance of rabbit immunoglobulin VH allotypes: Implications for the generation of antibody diversity, Cell 60 (1990) 963-970 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  63. Kocks C., Rajewsky K., Stable expression and somatic hypermutation of antibody V regions in B-cell development, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 7 (1989) 537-559 [PubMed].
  64. Krangel M.S., Yssel H., Brocklehurst C., Spits H., A distinct wave of human T cell receptor $\gamma$/$\delta$ lymphocytes in the early fetal thymus: evidence for controlled gene rearrangement and cytokine production, J. Exp. Med. 172 (1999) 847-859 [CrossRef].
  65. Krishnan M.R., Jou N.-T., Marion T.N., Correlation between the amino acid position in VH-CDR3 and specificity for native DNA among autoimmune antibodies, J. Immunol. 157 (1996) 2430-2439 [PubMed].
  66. Lefranc M.-P., Lefranc G., The Immunoglobulin Facts Book, Academic Press, New York, 2001, 457 pp.
  67. Lefranc M.-P., Lefranc G., The T cell receptor Facts Book, Academic Press, New York, 2001, 397 pp.
  68. Lefranc M.-P., Giudicelli V., Kaas Q., Duprat E., Jabado-Michaloud J., Scaviner D., Ginestoux C., Clément O., Chaume D., Lefranc G., IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (2005) D593-D597 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  69. Lemke C.D., Haynes J.S., Spaete R., Adolphson D., Vorwald A., Lager K., Butler J.E., Lymphoid hyperplasia resulting in immune dysregulation is caused by PRRSV infection in pigs, J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 1916-1925 [PubMed].
  70. Loder F., Mutscher B., Ray R.J., Paige C.J., Sideras P., Torres R., Lamers M.C., Carsetti R., B cell development in the spleen takes place in discrete steps and is determined by the quality of B cell receptor-derived signals, J. Exp. Med. 190 (1999) 75-79 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  71. MacDougall A.V., Enders P., Hatfield G., Pauza D.C., Rakasz E., V$\gamma$ TCR repertoire overlap in different anatomical compartments of healthy, unrelated rhesus macaques, J. Immunol. 166 (2001) 2296-2302 [PubMed].
  72. MacPherson A.J., Gatto D., Sainbury E., Harriman G.R., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R.M., A primitive T cell independent mechanism of mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria, Science 288 (2000) 2222-2226 [CrossRef].
  73. Marchalonis J.J., Schluter S.F., Bernstein R.M., Shanxiang S., Edmundson A.B., Phylogenetic emergence and molecular evolution of the immunoglobulin family, Adv. Immunol. 70 (1996) 417-506.
  74. Marchalonis J.J., Schuter S.F., Bernstein R.M., Hohman V.S., Antibodies of sharks: revolution and evolution, Immunol. Rev. 166 (1998) 103-122 [PubMed].
  75. Marion T.N., Lawton I.A.R., Kearney J.F., Briles D.E., Anti-DNA autoantibodies in (NZB × NZW)F1 mice are clonally heterogeneous but the majority share a common idiotype, J. Immunol. 128 (1982) 668-674 [PubMed].
  76. Mattingly J.A., Waksman B.H., Immunologic suppression after oral administration of antigen. II. Antigen specific helper and suppressor factors produced by spleen cells of rats fed sheep erythrocytes, J. Immunol. 125 (1980) 1044-1047 [PubMed].
  77. McAleer J., Weber P., Sun J., Butler J.E., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XI. The thymic B cell repertoire develops independently from that in blood and mesenteric lymph nodes, Immunology 114 (2005) 171-183 [PubMed].
  78. McCormack W.T., Tjoelker L.W., Thompson C.B., Avian B-cell development: generation of an immunoglobulin repertoire by gene conversion, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9 (1991) 219 [PubMed].
  79. McVay L.D., Carding S.R., Generation of human $\gamma$/$\delta$ T-cell repertoires, Crit. Rev. Immunol. 19 (1999) 431-460 [PubMed].
  80. Muramatsu M., Kinoshita K., Fagarasan S., Yamada S., Shinkai Y., Honjo T., Class switch recombination and hypermutation requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme, Cell 102 (2000) 553-563 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  81. Navarro P., Christenson R., Ekhardt G., Lunney J.K., Rothschild M., Bosworth B., Lemke J., Butler J.E., Genetic differences in the frequency of the hinge variants of porcine IgA is breed dependent, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 73 (2000) 287-295 [PubMed].
  82. Nguyen V.K., Generation of heavy chain antibodies in camelids, Ph.D. thesis, Free University of Brussels, 2001, pp. 109-111.
  83. Nunez C., Nishmoto N., Gartland G.O., Billips L.G., Burrows P.D., Kubagawa H., Cooper M.D., B cells are generated throughout life in humans, J. Immunol. 156 (1996) 866-872 [PubMed].
  84. Ochsenbein A.F., Zinkernagel R., Natural antibodies and complement link innate and acquired immunity, Immunol. Today 1 (2000) 624-630 [CrossRef].
  85. Pancer Z., Amaniya C.T., Ehrhardt G.R., Geitlin J., Garland G.L., Cooper M.D., Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea Lamprey, Nature 430 (2004) 174-180 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  86. Pardoll D.M., Fowlkes B.J., Bluestone J.A., Kruisbeek A., Maloy W.L., Coligan J.E., Schwartz R.H., Differential expression of two distinct T-cell receptors during thymocyte development, Nature 326 (1987) 79-81 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  87. Rakasz E., MacDougall A.V., Zayas M.T., Helgelund J.L., Ruckward T.J., Hatfield G., Dykhuizen M., Mitchen J.L., Evans P.S., Pauza C.D., $\gamma$/$\delta$ T cell receptor repertoire in blood and colonic mucosa of rhesus macaques, J. Med. Primatol. 29 (2000) 387-396 [PubMed].
  88. Rakoff-Nahoum S., Paglino J., Eslami- Varaneh F., Edberg S., Medzhitov R., Recognition of commensal microflora by Toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis, Cell 118 (2004) 229-241 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  89. Ratcliffe M.J.H., Antibodies, immunoglobulin genes and the Bursa of Fabricus in chicken B cell development, in: Butler J.E. (Ed.), Antibody and B cell development in vertebrates, Developmental and Comparative Immunology Special Edition, 2005.
  90. Reynaud C.A., Dahan A., Anquez V., Weill J.C., Somatic hyperconversion diversifies the single Vh gene of the chicken with a high incidence in the D region, Cell 59 (1989) 171-183 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  91. Reynaud C.A., MacKay C.R., Miller R.G., Weill J.C., Somatic generation of diversity in mammalian primary lymphoid organ: the sheep ileal Peyer's patches, Cell 64 (1991) 995-1005 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  92. Reynolds J.D., Morris B., The evolution and involution of Peyer's patches in fetal and postnatal sheep, Eur. J. Immunol. 13 (1983) 627-635 [PubMed].
  93. Rhee K.-J., Sethuypathi P., Driks A., Lanning K., Knight K.L., Role of commensal bacteria in development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and preimmune antibody repertoire, J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 1118-1124 [PubMed].
  94. Rook G.A.W., Stanford J.L., Give us this day our daily germs, Immunol. Today 19 (1998) 113-116 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  95. Rothstein T.L., Cutting edge commentary. Two B-1 or not to be one, J. Immunol. 168 (2002) 4257-4261 [PubMed].
  96. Rott O., Charreire J., Mignon-Godefray K., Cash E., B cells superstimulatory influenza virus activates peritoneal B cells, J. Immunol. 155 (1995) 134-142 [PubMed].
  97. Saalmuller A., Hirt W., Reddehase M.J., Porcine $\gamma$/$\delta$ T lymphocyte subsets differing in their propensity to home to lymphoid tissue, Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1990) 2343 [PubMed].
  98. Schroeder H.W. Jr., Haillson J.L., Perlmutter R.M., Early restriction of the human antibody repertoire, Science 238 (1987) 791-793 [CrossRef].
  99. Shlomchik M., Mascelli M., Shan H., Radic M.Z., Pisetsky D., Marshak-Rothstein A., Weigert M., Anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune mice arise by clonal expansion and somatic mutation, J. Exp. Med. 171 (1990) 265-292 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  100. Schuster D.E., Kehrli M.E. Jr., Ackermann M.R., Gilbert R.O., Identification and prevalence of a genetic defect that causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Holstein cattle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 9225-9229 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  101. Sinkora M., Sinkora J., Rehakova Z., Splichal I., Yang H., Parkhouse R.M.E., Trebichavský I., Prenatal ontogeny of lymphocyte subpopulations in pigs, Immunology 95 (1998) 595-603 [PubMed].
  102. Sinkora M., Sinkora J., Rehakova Z., Butler J.E., Early ontogeny of thymocytes in pigs: Sequential colonization of the thymus by T cell progenitors, J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 1832-1839 [PubMed].
  103. Sinkora M., Sun J., Butler J.E., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. V. VDJ gene chimeras resembling gene conversion products are generated at high frequency by PCR in vitro, Mol. Immunol. 37 (2000) 1025-1034 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  104. Sinkora J., Rehakova Z., Samankova L., Haverson K., Butler J.E., Zwart R., Boersma W., Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing immunoglobulin $\kappa$ and $\lambda$ chains in pigs by flow cytometry, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 80 (2001) 79-91 [PubMed].
  105. Sinkora M., Sinkorova J., Butler J.E., B cell development and VDJ rearrangements in the pig, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 87 (2002) 341-346 [PubMed].
  106. Sinkora M., Sun J., Sinkorova J., Christenson R.K., Ford S.P., Butler J.E., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. VI. B cell lymphogenesis occurs in multiple sites with differences in the frequency of in-frame rearrangements, J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 1781-1788 [PubMed].
  107. Sinkora M., Sinkorova J., Holtmeier W., Development of $\gamma$$\delta$ thymocyte subsets during prenatal and postnatal ontogeny, Immunology 115 (2005) 544-555 [PubMed].
  108. Smith D.W., Nagler-Anderson C., Preventing intolerance: The induction of nonresponsiveness to dietary and microbial antigens in the intestinal mucosa, J. Immunol. 174 (2005) 3851-3157 [PubMed].
  109. Strober W., Fuss I.J., Blumberg R.S., The immunology of mucosal models of inflammation, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20 (2002) 495-549 [PubMed].
  110. Strober W., Fuss I., Kitani A., Counter regulation in the mucosal immune system and the mechanism of mucosal inflammation, Mucosal Update 8 (2001) 3-8.
  111. Su T.T., Rawlings D.J., Transitional B lymphocytes subsets operate as distinct checkpoints in murine splenic B cell development, J. Immunol. 168 (2002) 2101-2110 [PubMed].
  112. Sudo N., Sawamura S.A., Tanaka K., Alba Y., Kulo C., Koga K., The requirement of intestinal flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction, J. Immunol. 1549 (1997) 1739-1745.
  113. Sun J., Kacskovics I., Brown W.R., Butler J.E., Expressed swine VH genes belong to a small VH gene family homologous to human VH III, J. Immunol. 153 (1994) 5618-5627 [PubMed].
  114. Sun J., Butler J.E., Molecular characteristics of VDJ transcripts from a newborn piglet, Immunology 88 (1996) 331-339 [PubMed].
  115. Sun J., Hayward C., Shinde R., Christenson R., Ford S.P., Butler J.E., Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. I. Four VH genes account for 80% of VH usage during 84 days of fetal life, J. Immunol. 161 (1998) 5070-5078 [PubMed].
  116. Thielke K.H., Hoffmann-Moujahid A., Weisser C., Waldkirch E., Pabst R., Holtmeier W., Rothkötter H.J., Proliferating intestinal $\gamma$/$\delta$ T cells recirculate rapidly and are a major source of the $\gamma$/$\delta$ T cell pool in the peripheral blood, Eur. J. Immunol. 33 (2003) 1649-1656 [PubMed].
  117. Uenishi H., Hiraiwa H., Yamamoto R., Yasue H., Takagaki Y., Shiina T., Kikkawa E., Inoko H., Awata T., Genomic structure around joining segments and constant regions of swine T-cell receptor $\alpha$/$\beta$ (TRA/TRD) locus, Immunology 109 (2003) 515-526 [PubMed].
  118. Von Herrath M.G., Harrison L.C., Antigen-induced regulatory T-cells in autoimmunity, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3 (2003) 223-232 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  119. Wagner B., Miller D.C., Lear T.L., Antczak D.F., The complete map of the Ig heavy chain constant gene region reveals evidence of seven IgG isotypes and for IgD in the horse, J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 3230-3242 [PubMed].
  120. Wannemuehler M.J., Kiyona H., Babb J.L., Michelek S.M., McGhee J.R., Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS converts germfree mice to sensitivity to oral tolerance induction, J. Immunol. 129 (1982) 959-965 [PubMed].
  121. Weinstein P.D., Anderson A.O., Mage R.G., Rabbit IgH sequences in appendix germinal centers: VH diversification by conversion-like and hypermutation mechanisms, Immunity 1 (1995) 647-659 [CrossRef].
  122. Wiler R., Leber R., Moore B.B., VanDyk L.F., Perryman L.E., Meek K., Equine severe combined immunodeficiency: A defect in V(D)J recombination and DNA-dependent protein kinase activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 1148-11489 [CrossRef].
  123. Xu R., Doan Q.C., Regester G.O., Detection and characterization of transforming growth factor-beta in porcine colostrums, Biol. Neonate 75 (1999) 59-64 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  124. Yancopoulos G.D., Desiderio S.V., Paskind M., Kearney J.F., Baltimore J.F., Alt A.W., Preferential utilization of the most JH-proximal VH segment in pre-B cell line, Nature (1984) 727-733.
  125. Yang H., Parkhouse R.M., Phenotypic classification of porcine lymphocyte subpopulations in blood and lymphoid tissues, Immunology 89 (1996) 76-83 [PubMed].
  126. Yang H., Parkhouse R.M., Differential expression of CD8 epitopes amongst porcine CD8-positive functional lymphocyte subsets, Immunology 92 (1997) 45-52 [PubMed].
  127. Yang Y.G., Hota S., Yamada S., Shimizu M., Takagaki Y., Diversity of T cell receptor $\delta$-chain cDNA in the thymus of a one-month-old pig, J. Immunol. 155 (1995) 1981-1993 [PubMed].
  128. Yasuda M., Jenne C.N., Kennedy L.J., Reynolds J.D., The sheep and cattle Peyer's patch as a site of B-cell development, Vet. Res. 37 (2006) 401-415 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [EDP Sciences].
  129. Yazdanbakhsh M., Kremsner P.G., van Ree R., Allergy, parasites and the hygiene hypothesis, Science 296 (2002) 490-494 [CrossRef].
  130. Young A.J., Marston W.L., Dessing M., Dudler L., Hein W.R., Distinct recirculating and non-circulating B lymphocyte pools in the peripheral blood are defined by coordinated expression of CD21 and L-selectin, Blood 90 (1997) 4865-4875 [PubMed].
  131. Zhao Y., Pan Hammarstrom Q., Kacskovics I., Hammarstrom L., The porcine Ig$\delta$ gene: Unique chimeric splicing of the first constant region domain in its heavy chain transcripts, J. Immunol. 171 (2003) 1312-1318 [PubMed].
  132. Zuckermann F.A., Husmann R.J., Functional and phenotypic analysis of porcine peripheral blood CD4/CD8 double-positive T cells, Immunology 87 (1996) 500-512 [PubMed].