Rift Valley fever virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention | Veterinary Research, a journal on Animal Infection

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Table III.

Minimum infection rates (MIR) for Rift Valley fever virus in adult female mosquitoes sampled in the wild.

Species	Field isolations
Species	Locality	Sample size	MIR/1000	References
Ae. (Adm.) dentatus	Zimbabwe 1969	23	43.5	[172]
Ae. (Adm.) vexans arabiensis	Senegal 1991–1996	42055	0.2	[88]
	Saudi Arabia 2000	8091	0.9	[138]
	Saudi Arabia 2000	122	8.2	[185]
Ae. (Neo.) circumluteolus	South Africa 1955	4657	0.4	[144]
	Uganda 1955	1508	0.7	[282]
	South Africa 1981^*	695	1.4	[134]
Ae. (Neo.) mcintoshi	Kenya 1981–1984	59644	0.2	[157]
	Kenya 1978–1979	12	83.3	[55]
	Zimbabwe 1969	3842	0.5	[172]
	South Africa 1974–1975	1315	1.5	[176]
Ae. (Neo.) palpalis grp.^**	Central African Republic 1969	795	1.3	[63]
Cx. (Cux.) antennatus	Nigeria 1967–1970	unrecorded	(1)^***	[153]
	Kenya 1989	250	0	[160]
	Kenya 1981–1984	4988	0.6	[157]
	Egypt 1977	121	0	[182]
Cx. (Cux.) neavei	South Africa 1981	1953	0.5	[179]
Cx. (Cux.) pipiens	Egypt 1977–1978	39150	0.03	[115]
	Egypt 1977	52629	0.04	[182]
	Kenya 1989	4987	0	[157]
	South Africa 1970	4833	0	[172]
	South Africa 1981	63	0	[179]
Cx. (Cux.) poicilipes	Senegal 1998–1999	24327	1.5	[62]
	Mauritania 1998–1999	4691	5.8	[62]
Cx. (Cux.) theileri	South Africa 1953	unrecorded	(2)^***	[98]
	South Africa 1956	unrecorded	(2)^***	[176]
	Zimbabwe 1969	103	9.7	[172]
	South Africa 1970	1398	2.9	[172]
	South Africa 1970	144	6.9	[172]
	South Africa 1974–1975	12738	0.9	[176]
Cx. (Cux.) tritaeniorhynchus	Saudi Arabia 2000	15428	0.4	[138]
Cx. (Cux.) zombaensis	South Africa 1981	6621	1.1	[179]
	Kenya 1981–1984	2326	0.4	[157]
	Zimbabwe 1978	24	0	[254]
	Kenya 1989	18828	0.3	[157]
Er. chrysogaster s.l./Er. spp.^****	Uganda 1944	1865	1.6	[243]
Er. quinquevittatus	South Africa 1971	423	2.4	[172]
	Kenya 1981–1984	2660	0	[157]
Oc. (Och.) juppi	South Africa 1984	5425	0	[96]
	South Africa 1974–1975	2945	1.0	[176]
	South Africa 1987	656	0	[135]

Mostly Ae. circumluteolus with only a few Ae. Luteolateralis.

^**

Ae. palpalis grp. = jamoti 62%: crassiforceps 21%: carteri 7%: bolensis/palpalis 10%.

^***

Number of isolates; undisclosed sample size.

^****

Er. chrysogaster s.l. (chrysogaster/semisimplicipes/grahami/intermedius/mahaffyi/haddowi/harperi/gilletti) 75%: inornatus/penicillatus 14%: dracaenae ssp. ferox 11%: leucopus ssp. productus < 1%.