Open Access
Review

Table I.

Virulence factors with confirmed or putative involvement in adhesion of A. pleuropneumoniae to the lower respiratory tract and the corresponding genes.

(Putative) virulence factor Gene Reference
Type IV fimbriae (structural subunit, 3 biogenesis components) apfABCD [18, 19, 44, 108, 114, 116, 125]
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis galU, rmlC, rfbN, rfbP, rfbU, rfaE [1, 13, 14, 89, 90, 92, 93, 97]
Putative adhesin (YadA outer membrane protein homologue) NA* [33]
55 kDa outer membrane protein NA [116]
60 kDa outer membrane protein NA [46]
Putative adhesin (OmpA outer membrane protein homologue) pomA [8, 53]
Fibronectin binding outer membrane protein comE1 [80]
Biofilm formation pgaA, pgaC, tadF, apfB [5, 27, 62, 6870, 75]
Tight adherence protein (possible involved in biofilm formation) tadC, tadD [5, 70]
Histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (regulator of biofilm formation) hns [38]
Autotransporter serine protease (involved in biofilm formation) aasP [3, 111]
Putative autotransporter adhesin hsf [5, 8]
Putative fimbria-like protein (possibly involved in microcolony formation) flpD [8]
Putative fibronectin binding tufA [8]

* Information not available.