Vet. Res. 37 (2006) 511-539
DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006014

Adjuvants modulating mucosal immune responses or directing systemic responses towards the mucosa

Eric Cox^a, Frank Verdonck^a, Daisy Vanrompay^b and Bruno Goddeeris<sup>a, c

a</sup>  Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
^b  Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
^c  Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium

(Received 13 June 2005; accepted 10 January 2006; published online 14 April 2006)

Abstract - In developing veterinary mucosal vaccines and vaccination strategies, mucosal adjuvants are one of the key players for inducing protective immune responses. Most of the mucosal adjuvants seem to exert their effect via binding to a receptor/or target cells and these properties were used to classify the mucosal adjuvants reviewed in the present paper: (1) ganglioside receptor-binding toxins (cholera toxin, LT enterotoxin, their B subunits and mutants); (2) surface immunoglobulin binding complex CTA1-DD; (3) TLR4 binding lipopolysaccharide; (4) TLR2-binding muramyl dipeptide; (5) Mannose receptor-binding mannan; (6) Dectin-1-binding ß 1,3/1,6 glucans; (7) TLR9-binding CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides; (8) Cytokines and chemokines; (9) Antigen-presenting cell targeting ISCOMATRIX and ISCOM. In addition, attention is given to two adjuvants able to prime the mucosal immune system following a systemic immunization, namely 1, 25(OH)₂D₃ and cholera toxin.

Key words: mucosal adjuvants / pattern recognition receptors / dendritic cells / domestic animals / systemic immunization

Corresponding author: Eric Cox Eric.Cox@Ugent.be

© INRA, EDP Sciences 2006