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Table II.
Cases of zoonotic HEV transmission through consumption of contaminated foodstuffs.
| No. of cases/incubation time | Animal species | Cooking/recipe | Genotype | Elements in favor of a zoonotic transmission | Reference country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed | |||||
4  40 days |
Sika deer | Slice of raw meat (sushi) | 3 | 100% of sequence homology between patient and meat (frozen). 105 GE/g meat | [138] Japan |
1  60 days |
Wild boar | Grilled | 3 | Almost 100% (99.95) of sequence homology between patient and meat (frozen). | [76] Japan |
| Putative | |||||
| 2 30 to 60 days |
Wild boar | Raw liver | 4 | Share and consumption of the same meal. 2 patients IgM and IgG positive and one of the two patients was HEV RNA positive. | [85] Japan |
| 5 39 days |
Wild boar | Grilled (Barbecue) | 3 | On 12 persons attending the same meal: 8/12 IgM +, 11/12 IgG + and 2/12 RNA + | [137] Japan |
| 1 59 days |
Wild boar | Grilled marinated meat (Barbecue) | 3 | The patient was IgM, IgG and HEV RNA positive and 1 person with high anti-HEV IgM had shared the same meal. | [83] Japan |
| 10 14 to 60 days |
Pork | Grilled liver, undercooked, rare | 3, 4 | 9/10 patient had consumed raw or undercooked pig liver earlier. | [149] Japan |