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Table II.

Univariable analysis of associations between MRSA infection status (i.e. MRSA case and MSSA control) in 197 dogs and cats and attributes of their in-contact humans with respect to links to human health-care system (HCS) facilities, during the 6 months prior to sample submission, using animal as the unit of analysis and veterinary practice as a random effect.

Variable level MRSA n (%) MSSA n (%) OR 95% CI p-value
At least one human in-contact works at HCS
  No 68 (64.76) 54 (58.70) Ref.
  Yes 37 (35.24) 38 (41.30) 0.77 0.37–1.59 0.476
At least two human in-contacts work at HCS
  No 96 (91.43) 80 (86.96) Ref.
  Yes 9 (8.57) 12 (13.04) 0.64 0.20–2.01 0.446
At least one human in-contact was ill
  No 43 (40.95) 29 (31.52) Ref.
  Yes 62 (59.05) 63 (68.48) 0.64 0.30–1.36 0.249
At least two human in-contacts were ill
  No 86 (81.90) 67 (72.83) Ref.
  Yes 19 (18.10) 25 (27.17) 0.55 0.23–1.30 0.174
At least one in-contact human has been visited by HCS workers
  No 54 (51.43) 57 (61.96) Ref.
  Yes 51 (48.57) 35 (38.04) 2 0.89–4.49 0.092
At least two in-contact humans have been visited by HCS workers
  No 88 (83.81) 81 (88.04) Ref.
  Yes 17 (16.19) 11 (11.96) 1.67 0.58–4.82 0.346
At least one in-contact human lives with ill person
  No 90 (85.71) 84 (91.30) Ref.
  Yes 15 (14.29) 8 (8.70) 1.9 0.61–5.98 0.271
At least one in-contact human has been admitted to hospital
  No 40 (38.10) 51 (55.43) Ref.
  Yes 65 (61.90) 41 (44.57) 2.48 1.15–5.35 0.021
At least two in-contact humans have been admitted to hospital
  No 89 (84.76) 78 (84.78) Ref.
  Yes 16 (15.24) 14 (15.22) 1.04 0.39–2.77 0.936
At least one in-contact human has been to GP
  No 11 (10.48) 5 (5.43) Ref.
  Yes 94 (89.52) 87 (94.57) 0.43 0.10–1.75 0.236
At least two in-contact humans have been to GP
  No 37 (35.24) 28 (30.44) Ref.
  Yes 68 (64.76) 64 (69.56) 0.73 0.32–1.64 0.45
At least three in-contact human have been to a GP
  No 69 (65.71) 61 (66.30) Ref.
  Yes 36 (34.29) 31 (33.70) 1.19 0.54–2.58 0.668
At least one in-contact human has been to a dentist
  No 13 (12.38) 15 (16.30) Ref.
  Yes 92 (87.62) 77 (83.70) 1.56 0.53–4.53 0.418
At least two in-contact humans have been to a dentist
  No 50 (47.62) 53 (57.61) Ref.
  Yes 55 (52.38) 39 (42.39) 1.9 0.84–4.30 0.124
At least three in-contact humans have been to dentist
  No 79 (75.24) 76 (82.61) Ref.
  Yes 26 (24.76) 16 (17.39) 1.79 0.73–4.36 0.201
At least one in-contact human has been to a nursing home
  No 77 (73.33) 63 (68.48) Ref.
  Yes 28 (26.67) 29 (31.52) 0.76 0.34–1.70 0.508
At least one in-contact human has taken antimicrobials
  No 42 (40) 32 (34.78) Ref.
  Yes 63 (60) 60 (65.22) 0.76 0.36–1.61 0.466
At least two in-contact humans have taken antimicrobials
  No 84 (80) 66 (72.53) Ref.
  Yes 21 (20) 25 (27.47) 0.57 0.23–1.41 0.222
At least one in-contact human has taken immunosuppressant therapy
  No 87 (82.86) 82 (90.11) Ref.
  Yes 18 (17.14) 9 (9.89) 2.04 0.70–5.95 0.19

Ref.: reference category; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; GP: general practitioner.